| 1 | Case Study Site | 1 – Sava Valley (Slovenia) | ||
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1.1 |
Responsible partner |
5. UL – UNIVERSITY OF LJUBLJANA |
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1.2 |
Short description of the CSS |
The Sava valley is the largest river basin in Slovenia (10.724 km2). Population in the basin is 1.3 million or 67% of total population in Slovenia (2 million). In the area are 40.000 agricultural holdings (mostly family farms). Forest prevails with more than 60% of the area. On alluvial flat plains, arable production dominates while on hillslopes and higher altitudes grassland prevails. In southeaster areas, orchards can be found on gentle slopes, while vineyards are located on steeper slopes. North-eastern part of basin is dominated by hop production. Vegetable production is located on sandy alluvial soils mostly in Ljubljansko polje and Krško-Brežiško polje. The largest areas in this CSS are alluvial areas along the river with high share of vegetable production (Ljubljansko polje and Krško-Brežiško polje). In these areas, plastic is used as plastic mulch, plastic tunnels and plastic greenhouses. Both, ordinary PE and biodegradable plastic are used. |
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2 |
Location |
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2.1 |
Postal address |
1000 Ljubljana, 3000 Celje, 4000 Kranj, 8000 Novo mesto |
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2.2 |
Name of region, province or canton |
Statistical regions: Gorenjska, Osrednjeslovenska, Zasavska, Posavska, Celjska, Jugovzhodna Slovenija, Primorsko-notranjska |
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2.3 |
Coordinates (google earth) |
46.07 N, 14.57 E and 45.87 N, 15.45 E |
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2.4 |
Altitude in meters (below sea level) |
Highest: 2864 m.a.s.l. Lowest: 150 m.a.s.l |
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3 |
Characteristics |
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3.1 |
Climate |
The climate is ranging from Alpine (North, West) to continental (central part) to sub-Pannonian (South, East). Average annual precipitation 1400 mm; average annual temperature 10,9°C. |
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3.2 |
Land use |
Aprox.: 10% Arable, 20% grassland, 60% Forest, 10% other |
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3.3 |
Main crop |
In total river basin silage maize for dairy milk production prevails. In selected local areas (Ljubljansko polje and Krško-brežiško polje) on alluvial sandy soils vegetable production and small fruits (berries) prevails. |
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3.4 |
Water supply (e.g. irrigation system) |
Irrigation systems from groundwater (Ljubljansko polje) and surface water (Brežiško-Krško polje) |
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3.5 |
Type of drinking water supply |
Groundwater |
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4 |
Farming systems |
Conventional |
Organic |
Integrated |
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4.1 |
Assessment of feasibility to find farming systems in (reasonable) geographical isolation |
moderate |
moderate |
All farms in Slovenia have integrated production classified as conventional (EU CAP) |
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4.2 |
Potential for increasing yield |
moderate |
moderate |
- |
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4.3 |
Potential for reducing costs |
high |
high |
- |
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4.4 |
Application periods |
spring, summer, autumn |
spring, summer, autumn |
- |
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4.5 |
Alternative farming methods |
Cover crops, rotational farming |
Cover crops, rotational farming wood chips, straw |
- |
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5 |
Plastic use / other stressors |
Conventional |
Organic |
Integrated |
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5.1 |
Sources of MPs |
Plastic mulch, plastic tunnels, pesticides, mineral fertilisers, organic fertilisers from animal production. |
On general, they try to avoid plastic. In case they use it, it my originate form plastic mulch, and tunnels. |
- |
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5.2 |
Plastic types |
LDPE and BioP |
PE and BioP |
- |
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5.3 |
Pesticides used: |
Mostly not (use of bees for pollination). Only when they meet the requirements set by Ministry of Agriculture. (special list allowed of pesticides changes every year) |
No allowed. |
- |
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5.4 |
Veterinary drugs enter via dung |
Will be investigated |
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6 |
Ongoing sharing of experiences |
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6.1 |
Ongoing training provision |
/ |
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6.2 |
Ongoing studies on agricultural production in the region |
EIP project: PRO-Pridelava; DiNaZe H2020 project: SPRINT |
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7 |
Human population |
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7.1 |
Demographics: age distribution |
0-14 years: 15%; 15-64 years: 65%; >64 year: 20% Average age 43 years |
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7.2 |
Density |
120 per km2 |
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7.3 |
Main villages |
Capital city of Ljubljana |
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7.4 |
Regional & local organisation of health system, access to health information |
NIJZ. - National Institute for Public Health |
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7.5 |
Socio-economic characteristics |
65-69% of population is actively working Average net income 1,040 EUR/month and gross income 1,800 EUR/month All levels of education are free of charge. Rate of unemployment is 5,2% |
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7.6 |
Main sources of income by sector |
GDP: 22.000 EUR/citizen Agriculture: 1,7%; Industry-Energy-Logistic-Waste: 24; Real-Estate-Construction: 5%; Education-Health-Public system: 15%; Other sectors: 43%; Taxes on Services: 13% |
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7.7 |
Social security system, subsidies (farmers) |
Public social system well developed and supported by state. Framers can apply for subsidy payments (Rural Development Programme RDP – EU CAP) |
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8 |
Relevant stakeholder organizations |
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8.1 |
Local authorities |
Municipalities (Slovenia does not have regions) |
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8.2 |
Farmers union |
Chamber of agriculture and forestry of Slovenia |
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8.3 |
Other |
Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Food |
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9 |
Diagnosis |
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9.1 |
Problems/threats/challenges |
Use of plastic is increasing, as share of vegetable farmers is higher each year. |
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9.2 |
Potential for increasing soil quality |
Use of biodegradable organic mulches or plastic mulches. |
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9.3 |
Ongoing research and innovation actions on agricultural production |
EIP Pro-Pridelava - Increasing productivity of agricultural production by increasing water use efficiency and sustainability EIP DiNaZe – Digitalization of vegetable production |
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9.4 |
Data availability–MPs in soil |
Not yet available. |
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10 |
Links to relevant information |
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EIP PRO-Pridelava http://www.bf.uni-lj.si/oddelek-za-agronomijo/o-oddelku/katedre-in-druge-org-enote/za-agrometeorologijo-urejanje-kmetijskega-prostora-ter-ekonomiko-in-razvoj-podezelja/urejanje-kmetijskega-prostora/eip-pro-pridelava/ EIP DiNaZe http://www.bf.uni-lj.si/oddelek-za-agronomijo/o-oddelku/katedre-in-druge-org-enote/za-agrometeorologijo-urejanje-kmetijskega-prostora-ter-ekonomiko-in-razvoj-podezelja/urejanje-kmetijskega-prostora/eip-sodelovanje/ H2020 SPRINT |
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11 |
References |
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GLAVAN, Matjaž, HONZAK, Luka, PINTAR, Marina. Increasing productivity of agricultural production by increasing water use efficiency and sustainability (PRO-PRODUCTION). V: AIS 2019 : Booklet of innovative projects. [S. l.: European Union, 2019]. Str. [73]. https://ec.europa.eu/eip/agriculture/sites/agri-eip/files/2019_pei_carnet_projets_ais_web.pdf. HONZAK, Luka, CVEJIĆ, Rozalija, ŽELEZNIKAR, Špela, GLAVAN, Matjaž, PINTAR, Marina. Pilotni sistem za podporo odločanju v namakanju (SPON). V: Zbornik. Maribor: Vodnogospodarski biro, 2019. Str. 200-204, ilustr. ISBN 978-961-290-650-4. http://www.mvd20.com/LETO2019/R30.pdf. CURK, Miha, GLAVAN, Matjaž, PINTAR, Marina. Postavitev hidrološkega SWAT modela za območje Krškega polja. V: Zbornik referatov. 29. Mišičev vodarski dan 2018, Maribor, 06. december. Maribor: Vodnogospodarski biro, 2018. Str. 178-184. Mišičev vodarski dan. ISSN 1318-2226. http://www.mvd20.com/LETO2018/R23.pdf. PROLINE-CE: https://www.interreg-central.eu/Content.Node/CE110-Proline-CE-Flyer-Pilo-Area-Slovenia.pdf. |
